From 331e661424994ea9167f3662f094af794a764128 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Felix Fontein <felix@fontein.de>
Date: Sat, 25 Oct 2025 01:20:03 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Use to_text instead of to_native.

---
 plugins/connection/docker.py                  | 16 +++++++--------
 plugins/connection/docker_api.py              | 14 ++++++-------
 plugins/connection/nsenter.py                 |  8 ++++----
 plugins/inventory/docker_machine.py           |  4 ++--
 plugins/module_utils/_api/errors.py           |  4 ++--
 plugins/module_utils/_common_cli.py           | 20 +++++++++----------
 plugins/module_utils/_compose_v2.py           | 14 ++++++-------
 plugins/module_utils/_copy.py                 |  4 ++--
 plugins/module_utils/_scramble.py             |  4 ++--
 plugins/modules/docker_container_copy_into.py |  8 ++++----
 plugins/modules/docker_image.py               |  4 ++--
 plugins/modules/docker_image_build.py         | 10 +++++-----
 plugins/modules/docker_network.py             |  4 ++--
 plugins/modules/docker_node.py                |  4 ++--
 plugins/modules/docker_plugin.py              | 16 +++++++--------
 plugins/modules/docker_stack.py               | 12 +++++------
 plugins/modules/docker_stack_info.py          |  4 ++--
 plugins/modules/docker_stack_task_info.py     |  4 ++--
 plugins/modules/docker_volume.py              |  8 ++++----
 19 files changed, 80 insertions(+), 82 deletions(-)

diff --git a/plugins/connection/docker.py b/plugins/connection/docker.py
index fe66e653..22b82c9c 100644
--- a/plugins/connection/docker.py
+++ b/plugins/connection/docker.py
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ from shlex import quote
 
 from ansible.errors import AnsibleConnectionFailure, AnsibleError, AnsibleFileNotFound
 from ansible.module_utils.common.process import get_bin_path
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_bytes, to_native, to_text
+from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_bytes, to_text
 from ansible.plugins.connection import BUFSIZE, ConnectionBase
 from ansible.utils.display import Display
 
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ class Connection(ConnectionBase):
         ) as p:
             cmd_output, err = p.communicate()
 
-        return old_docker_cmd, to_native(cmd_output), err, p.returncode
+        return old_docker_cmd, to_text(cmd_output), err, p.returncode
 
     def _new_docker_version(self) -> tuple[list[str], str, bytes, int]:
         # no result yet, must be newer Docker version
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ class Connection(ConnectionBase):
             new_docker_cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE
         ) as p:
             cmd_output, err = p.communicate()
-            return new_docker_cmd, to_native(cmd_output), err, p.returncode
+            return new_docker_cmd, to_text(cmd_output), err, p.returncode
 
     def _get_docker_version(self) -> str:
         cmd, cmd_output, err, returncode = self._old_docker_version()
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ class Connection(ConnectionBase):
         cmd, cmd_output, err, returncode = self._new_docker_version()
         if returncode:
             raise AnsibleError(
-                f"Docker version check ({to_native(cmd)}) failed: {to_native(err)}"
+                f"Docker version check ({to_text(cmd)}) failed: {to_text(err)}"
             )
 
         return self._sanitize_version(to_text(cmd_output, errors="surrogate_or_strict"))
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ class Connection(ConnectionBase):
                             stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
                             raise AnsibleError(
                                 "timeout waiting for privilege escalation password prompt:\n"
-                                + to_native(become_output)
+                                + to_text(become_output)
                             )
 
                         chunks = b""
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ class Connection(ConnectionBase):
                             stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
                             raise AnsibleError(
                                 "privilege output closed while waiting for password prompt:\n"
-                                + to_native(become_output)
+                                + to_text(become_output)
                             )
                         become_output += chunks
                 finally:
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ class Connection(ConnectionBase):
         out_path = self._prefix_login_path(out_path)
         if not os.path.exists(to_bytes(in_path, errors="surrogate_or_strict")):
             raise AnsibleFileNotFound(
-                f"file or module does not exist: {to_native(in_path)}"
+                f"file or module does not exist: {to_text(in_path)}"
             )
 
         out_path = quote(out_path)
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ class Connection(ConnectionBase):
 
             if p.returncode != 0:
                 raise AnsibleError(
-                    f"failed to transfer file {to_native(in_path)} to {to_native(out_path)}:\n{to_native(stdout)}\n{to_native(stderr)}"
+                    f"failed to transfer file {to_text(in_path)} to {to_text(out_path)}:\n{to_text(stdout)}\n{to_text(stderr)}"
                 )
 
     def fetch_file(self, in_path: str, out_path: str) -> None:
diff --git a/plugins/connection/docker_api.py b/plugins/connection/docker_api.py
index bce216ab..3fd1f3e4 100644
--- a/plugins/connection/docker_api.py
+++ b/plugins/connection/docker_api.py
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ import os.path
 import typing as t
 
 from ansible.errors import AnsibleConnectionFailure, AnsibleFileNotFound
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_bytes, to_native, to_text
+from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_bytes, to_text
 from ansible.plugins.connection import ConnectionBase
 from ansible.utils.display import Display
 
@@ -335,13 +335,13 @@ class Connection(ConnectionBase):
                                 stdout, stderr = exec_socket_handler.consume()
                                 raise AnsibleConnectionFailure(
                                     "timeout waiting for privilege escalation password prompt:\n"
-                                    + to_native(become_output[0])
+                                    + to_text(become_output[0])
                                 )
 
                             if exec_socket_handler.is_eof():
                                 raise AnsibleConnectionFailure(
                                     "privilege output closed while waiting for password prompt:\n"
-                                    + to_native(become_output[0])
+                                    + to_text(become_output[0])
                                 )
 
                         if not self.become.check_success(become_output[0]):
@@ -437,9 +437,9 @@ class Connection(ConnectionBase):
                 not_found_can_be_resource=True,
             )
         except DockerFileNotFound as exc:
-            raise AnsibleFileNotFound(to_native(exc)) from exc
+            raise AnsibleFileNotFound(to_text(exc)) from exc
         except DockerFileCopyError as exc:
-            raise AnsibleConnectionFailure(to_native(exc)) from exc
+            raise AnsibleConnectionFailure(to_text(exc)) from exc
 
     def fetch_file(self, in_path: str, out_path: str) -> None:
         """Fetch a file from container to local."""
@@ -468,9 +468,9 @@ class Connection(ConnectionBase):
                 not_found_can_be_resource=True,
             )
         except DockerFileNotFound as exc:
-            raise AnsibleFileNotFound(to_native(exc)) from exc
+            raise AnsibleFileNotFound(to_text(exc)) from exc
         except DockerFileCopyError as exc:
-            raise AnsibleConnectionFailure(to_native(exc)) from exc
+            raise AnsibleConnectionFailure(to_text(exc)) from exc
 
     def close(self) -> None:
         """Terminate the connection. Nothing to do for Docker"""
diff --git a/plugins/connection/nsenter.py b/plugins/connection/nsenter.py
index 57b39c3a..db3bb1f9 100644
--- a/plugins/connection/nsenter.py
+++ b/plugins/connection/nsenter.py
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ import typing as t
 
 import ansible.constants as C
 from ansible.errors import AnsibleError
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_bytes, to_native, to_text
+from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_bytes, to_text
 from ansible.plugins.connection import ConnectionBase
 from ansible.utils.display import Display
 from ansible.utils.path import unfrackpath
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class Connection(ConnectionBase):
                             stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
                             raise AnsibleError(
                                 "timeout waiting for privilege escalation password prompt:\n"
-                                + to_native(become_output)
+                                + to_text(become_output)
                             )
 
                         chunks = b""
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ class Connection(ConnectionBase):
                             stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
                             raise AnsibleError(
                                 "privilege output closed while waiting for password prompt:\n"
-                                + to_native(become_output)
+                                + to_text(become_output)
                             )
                         become_output += chunks
                 finally:
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ class Connection(ConnectionBase):
                 out_file.write(out)
         except IOError as e:
             raise AnsibleError(
-                f"failed to transfer file to {to_native(out_path)}: {e}"
+                f"failed to transfer file to {to_text(out_path)}: {e}"
             ) from e
 
     def close(self) -> None:
diff --git a/plugins/inventory/docker_machine.py b/plugins/inventory/docker_machine.py
index e9ccca1b..f3e539c0 100644
--- a/plugins/inventory/docker_machine.py
+++ b/plugins/inventory/docker_machine.py
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ import typing as t
 
 from ansible.errors import AnsibleError
 from ansible.module_utils.common.process import get_bin_path
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_native, to_text
+from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_text
 from ansible.plugins.inventory import BaseInventoryPlugin, Cacheable, Constructable
 from ansible.utils.display import Display
 from ansible_collections.community.library_inventory_filtering_v1.plugins.plugin_utils.inventory_filter import (
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ class InventoryModule(BaseInventoryPlugin, Constructable, Cacheable):
             try:
                 self.docker_machine_path = get_bin_path("docker-machine")
             except ValueError as e:
-                raise AnsibleError(to_native(e)) from e
+                raise AnsibleError(to_text(e)) from e
 
         command = [self.docker_machine_path]
         command.extend(args)
diff --git a/plugins/module_utils/_api/errors.py b/plugins/module_utils/_api/errors.py
index cd62ba5e..ad09531a 100644
--- a/plugins/module_utils/_api/errors.py
+++ b/plugins/module_utils/_api/errors.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import typing as t
 
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_native
+from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_text
 
 from ._import_helper import HTTPError as _HTTPError
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def create_api_error_from_http_exception(e: _HTTPError) -> t.NoReturn:
     try:
         explanation = response.json()["message"]
     except ValueError:
-        explanation = to_native((response.content or "").strip())
+        explanation = to_text((response.content or "").strip())
     cls = APIError
     if response.status_code == 404:
         if explanation and (
diff --git a/plugins/module_utils/_common_cli.py b/plugins/module_utils/_common_cli.py
index 26bd3a70..36484880 100644
--- a/plugins/module_utils/_common_cli.py
+++ b/plugins/module_utils/_common_cli.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import typing as t
 
 from ansible.module_utils.basic import AnsibleModule, env_fallback
 from ansible.module_utils.common.process import get_bin_path
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_native
+from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_text
 
 from ansible_collections.community.docker.plugins.module_utils._api.auth import (
     resolve_repository_name,
@@ -132,9 +132,7 @@ class AnsibleDockerClientBase:
                 self.fail(
                     "Cannot determine Docker Daemon information. Are you maybe using podman instead of docker?"
                 )
-            self.docker_api_version_str = to_native(
-                self._version["Server"]["ApiVersion"]
-            )
+            self.docker_api_version_str = to_text(self._version["Server"]["ApiVersion"])
             self.docker_api_version = LooseVersion(self.docker_api_version_str)
             min_docker_api_version = min_docker_api_version or "1.25"
             if self.docker_api_version < LooseVersion(min_docker_api_version):
@@ -191,12 +189,12 @@ class AnsibleDockerClientBase:
             *args, check_rc=check_rc, data=data, cwd=cwd, environ_update=environ_update
         )
         if warn_on_stderr and stderr:
-            self.warn(to_native(stderr))
+            self.warn(to_text(stderr))
         try:
             data = json.loads(stdout)
         except Exception as exc:  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
             self.fail(
-                f"Error while parsing JSON output of {self._compose_cmd_str(args)}: {exc}\nJSON output: {to_native(stdout)}"
+                f"Error while parsing JSON output of {self._compose_cmd_str(args)}: {exc}\nJSON output: {to_text(stdout)}"
             )
         return rc, data, stderr
 
@@ -213,7 +211,7 @@ class AnsibleDockerClientBase:
             *args, check_rc=check_rc, data=data, cwd=cwd, environ_update=environ_update
         )
         if warn_on_stderr and stderr:
-            self.warn(to_native(stderr))
+            self.warn(to_text(stderr))
         result = []
         try:
             for line in stdout.splitlines():
@@ -222,7 +220,7 @@ class AnsibleDockerClientBase:
                     result.append(json.loads(line))
         except Exception as exc:  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
             self.fail(
-                f"Error while parsing JSON output of {self._compose_cmd_str(args)}: {exc}\nJSON output: {to_native(stdout)}"
+                f"Error while parsing JSON output of {self._compose_cmd_str(args)}: {exc}\nJSON output: {to_text(stdout)}"
             )
         return rc, result, stderr
 
@@ -338,7 +336,7 @@ class AnsibleDockerClientBase:
                 self.log(f"Image {name}:{tag} not found.")
                 return None
             if rc != 0:
-                self.fail(f"Error inspecting image {name}:{tag} - {to_native(stderr)}")
+                self.fail(f"Error inspecting image {name}:{tag} - {to_text(stderr)}")
             return image[0]
 
         self.log(f"Image {name}:{tag} not found.")
@@ -367,11 +365,11 @@ class AnsibleDockerClientBase:
         rc, image, stderr = self.call_cli_json("image", "inspect", image_id)
         if not image:
             if not accept_missing_image:
-                self.fail(f"Error inspecting image ID {image_id} - {to_native(stderr)}")
+                self.fail(f"Error inspecting image ID {image_id} - {to_text(stderr)}")
             self.log(f"Image {image_id} not found.")
             return None
         if rc != 0:
-            self.fail(f"Error inspecting image ID {image_id} - {to_native(stderr)}")
+            self.fail(f"Error inspecting image ID {image_id} - {to_text(stderr)}")
         return image[0]
 
 
diff --git a/plugins/module_utils/_compose_v2.py b/plugins/module_utils/_compose_v2.py
index 4fdb1014..d3564629 100644
--- a/plugins/module_utils/_compose_v2.py
+++ b/plugins/module_utils/_compose_v2.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ from collections import namedtuple
 from shlex import quote
 
 from ansible.module_utils.basic import missing_required_lib
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_native
+from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_text
 
 from ansible_collections.community.docker.plugins.module_utils._logfmt import (
     InvalidLogFmt as _InvalidLogFmt,
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ def parse_json_events(
                     ResourceType.UNKNOWN,
                     None,
                     "Warning",
-                    to_native(line[len(b"Warning: ") :]),
+                    to_text(line[len(b"Warning: ") :]),
                 )
                 events.append(event)
                 continue
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ def parse_events(
     if stderr_lines and stderr_lines[-1] == b"":
         del stderr_lines[-1]
     for index, line in enumerate(stderr_lines):
-        line = to_native(line.strip())
+        line = to_text(line.strip())
         if not line:
             continue
         warn_missing_dry_run_prefix = False
@@ -731,8 +731,8 @@ def update_failed(
     result["failed"] = True
     result["msg"] = "\n".join(errors)
     result["cmd"] = " ".join(quote(arg) for arg in [cli] + args)
-    result["stdout"] = to_native(stdout)
-    result["stderr"] = to_native(stderr)
+    result["stdout"] = to_text(stdout)
+    result["stderr"] = to_text(stderr)
     result["rc"] = rc
     return True
 
@@ -978,8 +978,8 @@ class BaseComposeManager(DockerBaseClass):
             ignore_build_events=ignore_build_events,
         )
         result["actions"] = result.get("actions", []) + extract_actions(events)
-        result["stdout"] = combine_text_output(result.get("stdout"), to_native(stdout))
-        result["stderr"] = combine_text_output(result.get("stderr"), to_native(stderr))
+        result["stdout"] = combine_text_output(result.get("stdout"), to_text(stdout))
+        result["stderr"] = combine_text_output(result.get("stderr"), to_text(stderr))
 
     def update_failed(
         self,
diff --git a/plugins/module_utils/_copy.py b/plugins/module_utils/_copy.py
index 2e3ee6ab..8f520885 100644
--- a/plugins/module_utils/_copy.py
+++ b/plugins/module_utils/_copy.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import stat
 import tarfile
 import typing as t
 
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_bytes, to_native, to_text
+from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_bytes, to_text
 
 from ansible_collections.community.docker.plugins.module_utils._api.errors import (
     APIError,
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ def put_file(
 ) -> None:
     """Transfer a file from local to Docker container."""
     if not os.path.exists(to_bytes(in_path, errors="surrogate_or_strict")):
-        raise DockerFileNotFound(f"file or module does not exist: {to_native(in_path)}")
+        raise DockerFileNotFound(f"file or module does not exist: {to_text(in_path)}")
 
     b_in_path = to_bytes(in_path, errors="surrogate_or_strict")
 
diff --git a/plugins/module_utils/_scramble.py b/plugins/module_utils/_scramble.py
index fa4b6dc2..db05ecf8 100644
--- a/plugins/module_utils/_scramble.py
+++ b/plugins/module_utils/_scramble.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import base64
 import random
 
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_bytes, to_native, to_text
+from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_bytes, to_text
 
 
 def generate_insecure_key() -> bytes:
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def scramble(value: str, key: bytes) -> str:
     b_value = to_bytes(value)
     k = key[0]
     b_value = bytes([k ^ b for b in b_value])
-    return f"=S={to_native(base64.b64encode(b_value))}"
+    return f"=S={to_text(base64.b64encode(b_value))}"
 
 
 def unscramble(value: str, key: bytes) -> str:
diff --git a/plugins/modules/docker_container_copy_into.py b/plugins/modules/docker_container_copy_into.py
index f52bf098..caa0b5c2 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/docker_container_copy_into.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/docker_container_copy_into.py
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ import stat
 import traceback
 import typing as t
 
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_bytes, to_native, to_text
+from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_bytes, to_text
 from ansible.module_utils.common.validation import check_type_int
 
 from ansible_collections.community.docker.plugins.module_utils._api.errors import (
@@ -1041,7 +1041,7 @@ def copy_content_into_container(
 
 def parse_modern(mode: str | int) -> int:
     if isinstance(mode, str):
-        return int(to_native(mode), 8)
+        return int(to_text(mode), 8)
     if isinstance(mode, int):
         return mode
     raise TypeError(f"must be an octal string or an integer, got {mode!r}")
@@ -1049,7 +1049,7 @@ def parse_modern(mode: str | int) -> int:
 
 def parse_octal_string_only(mode: str) -> int:
     if isinstance(mode, str):
-        return int(to_native(mode), 8)
+        return int(to_text(mode), 8)
     raise TypeError(f"must be an octal string, got {mode!r}")
 
 
@@ -1185,7 +1185,7 @@ def main() -> None:
     except DockerUnexpectedError as exc:
         client.fail(f"Unexpected error: {exc}", exception=traceback.format_exc())
     except DockerFileCopyError as exc:
-        client.fail(to_native(exc))
+        client.fail(to_text(exc))
     except OSError as exc:
         client.fail(f"Unexpected error: {exc}", exception=traceback.format_exc())
 
diff --git a/plugins/modules/docker_image.py b/plugins/modules/docker_image.py
index d2f42d6a..2fc3f344 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/docker_image.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/docker_image.py
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ import os
 import traceback
 import typing as t
 
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_native
+from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_text
 from ansible.module_utils.common.text.formatters import human_to_bytes
 
 from ansible_collections.community.docker.plugins.module_utils._api.auth import (
@@ -899,7 +899,7 @@ class ImageManager(DockerBaseClass):
         buildargs = {}
         if self.buildargs:
             for key, value in self.buildargs.items():
-                buildargs[key] = to_native(value)
+                buildargs[key] = to_text(value)
 
         container_limits = self.container_limits or {}
         for key in container_limits.keys():
diff --git a/plugins/modules/docker_image_build.py b/plugins/modules/docker_image_build.py
index ee1f64c1..b13185c1 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/docker_image_build.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/docker_image_build.py
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ import os
 import traceback
 import typing as t
 
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_native
+from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_text
 from ansible.module_utils.common.text.formatters import human_to_bytes
 
 from ansible_collections.community.docker.plugins.module_utils._api.utils.utils import (
@@ -545,12 +545,12 @@ class ImageBuilder(DockerBaseClass):
             if rc != 0:
                 self.fail(
                     f"Building {self.name}:{self.tag} failed",
-                    stdout=to_native(stdout),
-                    stderr=to_native(stderr),
+                    stdout=to_text(stdout),
+                    stderr=to_text(stderr),
                     command=args,
                 )
-            results["stdout"] = to_native(stdout)
-            results["stderr"] = to_native(stderr)
+            results["stdout"] = to_text(stdout)
+            results["stderr"] = to_text(stderr)
             results["image"] = self.client.find_image(self.name, self.tag) or {}
             results["command"] = args
 
diff --git a/plugins/modules/docker_network.py b/plugins/modules/docker_network.py
index 4df3ef66..d73e0ddd 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/docker_network.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/docker_network.py
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ import time
 import traceback
 import typing as t
 
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_native
+from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_text
 
 from ansible_collections.community.docker.plugins.module_utils._api.errors import (
     DockerException,
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ class DockerNetworkManager:
                 for ipam_config in self.parameters.ipam_config:
                     validate_cidr(ipam_config["subnet"])
             except ValueError as e:
-                self.client.fail(to_native(e))
+                self.client.fail(to_text(e))
 
         if self.parameters.driver_options:
             self.parameters.driver_options = clean_dict_booleans_for_docker_api(
diff --git a/plugins/modules/docker_node.py b/plugins/modules/docker_node.py
index 524c240e..55e5f6af 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/docker_node.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/docker_node.py
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ except ImportError:
     # missing Docker SDK for Python handled in ansible.module_utils.docker.common
     pass
 
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_native
+from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_text
 
 from ansible_collections.community.docker.plugins.module_utils._common import (
     RequestException,
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ class SwarmNodeManager(DockerBaseClass):
                                 changed = True
                         else:
                             self.client.module.warn(
-                                f"Label '{to_native(key)}' listed both in 'labels' and 'labels_to_remove'. "
+                                f"Label '{to_text(key)}' listed both in 'labels' and 'labels_to_remove'. "
                                 "Keeping the assigned label value."
                             )
                     else:
diff --git a/plugins/modules/docker_plugin.py b/plugins/modules/docker_plugin.py
index e480845c..f69f8bfc 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/docker_plugin.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/docker_plugin.py
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ actions:
 import traceback
 import typing as t
 
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_native
+from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_text
 
 from ansible_collections.community.docker.plugins.module_utils._api import auth
 from ansible_collections.community.docker.plugins.module_utils._api.errors import (
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ class DockerPluginManager:
         except NotFound:
             return None
         except APIError as e:
-            self.client.fail(to_native(e))
+            self.client.fail(to_text(e))
 
     def has_different_config(self) -> DifferenceTracker:
         """
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ class DockerPluginManager:
                             "/plugins/{0}/set", self.preferred_name, data=data
                         )
                 except APIError as e:
-                    self.client.fail(to_native(e))
+                    self.client.fail(to_text(e))
 
             self.actions.append(f"Installed plugin {self.preferred_name}")
             self.changed = True
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ class DockerPluginManager:
                         "/plugins/{0}", self.preferred_name, params={"force": force}
                     )
                 except APIError as e:
-                    self.client.fail(to_native(e))
+                    self.client.fail(to_text(e))
 
             self.actions.append(f"Removed plugin {self.preferred_name}")
             self.changed = True
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ class DockerPluginManager:
                             "/plugins/{0}/set", self.preferred_name, data=data
                         )
                     except APIError as e:
-                        self.client.fail(to_native(e))
+                        self.client.fail(to_text(e))
                 self.actions.append(f"Updated plugin {self.preferred_name} settings")
                 self.changed = True
         else:
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ class DockerPluginManager:
                             params={"timeout": timeout},
                         )
                     except APIError as e:
-                        self.client.fail(to_native(e))
+                        self.client.fail(to_text(e))
                 self.actions.append(f"Enabled plugin {self.preferred_name}")
                 self.changed = True
         else:
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ class DockerPluginManager:
                         params={"timeout": timeout},
                     )
                 except APIError as e:
-                    self.client.fail(to_native(e))
+                    self.client.fail(to_text(e))
             self.actions.append(f"Enabled plugin {self.preferred_name}")
             self.changed = True
 
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ class DockerPluginManager:
                             "/plugins/{0}/disable", self.preferred_name
                         )
                     except APIError as e:
-                        self.client.fail(to_native(e))
+                        self.client.fail(to_text(e))
                 self.actions.append(f"Disable plugin {self.preferred_name}")
                 self.changed = True
         else:
diff --git a/plugins/modules/docker_stack.py b/plugins/modules/docker_stack.py
index 413f155d..01fe18b5 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/docker_stack.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/docker_stack.py
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ import traceback
 import typing as t
 from time import sleep
 
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_native
+from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_text
 
 from ansible_collections.community.docker.plugins.module_utils._common_cli import (
     AnsibleModuleDockerClient,
@@ -190,9 +190,9 @@ def docker_stack_services(
     dummy_rc, out, err = client.call_cli(
         "stack", "services", stack_name, "--format", "{{.Name}}"
     )
-    if to_native(err) == f"Nothing found in stack: {stack_name}\n":
+    if to_text(err) == f"Nothing found in stack: {stack_name}\n":
         return []
-    return to_native(out).strip().split("\n")
+    return to_text(out).strip().split("\n")
 
 
 def docker_service_inspect(
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ def docker_stack_deploy(
         command += ["--compose-file", compose_file]
     command += [stack_name]
     rc, out, err = client.call_cli(*command)
-    return rc, to_native(out), to_native(err)
+    return rc, to_text(out), to_text(err)
 
 
 def docker_stack_inspect(
@@ -244,11 +244,11 @@ def docker_stack_rm(
         command += ["--detach=false"]
     rc, out, err = client.call_cli(*command)
 
-    while to_native(err) != f"Nothing found in stack: {stack_name}\n" and retries > 0:
+    while to_text(err) != f"Nothing found in stack: {stack_name}\n" and retries > 0:
         sleep(interval)
         retries = retries - 1
         rc, out, err = client.call_cli(*command)
-    return rc, to_native(out), to_native(err)
+    return rc, to_text(out), to_text(err)
 
 
 def main() -> None:
diff --git a/plugins/modules/docker_stack_info.py b/plugins/modules/docker_stack_info.py
index c9117a3d..58e69b96 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/docker_stack_info.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/docker_stack_info.py
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ EXAMPLES = r"""
 import json
 import traceback
 
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_native
+from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_text
 
 from ansible_collections.community.docker.plugins.module_utils._common_cli import (
     AnsibleModuleDockerClient,
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ def main() -> None:
             changed=False,
             rc=rc,
             stdout="\n".join([json.dumps(entry) for entry in ret]),
-            stderr=to_native(stderr).strip(),
+            stderr=to_text(stderr).strip(),
             results=ret,
         )
     except DockerException as e:
diff --git a/plugins/modules/docker_stack_task_info.py b/plugins/modules/docker_stack_task_info.py
index 2eba3305..e649d06a 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/docker_stack_task_info.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/docker_stack_task_info.py
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ EXAMPLES = r"""
 import json
 import traceback
 
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_native
+from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_text
 
 from ansible_collections.community.docker.plugins.module_utils._common_cli import (
     AnsibleModuleDockerClient,
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ def main() -> None:
             changed=False,
             rc=rc,
             stdout="\n".join([json.dumps(entry) for entry in ret]),
-            stderr=to_native(stderr).strip(),
+            stderr=to_text(stderr).strip(),
             results=ret,
         )
     except DockerException as e:
diff --git a/plugins/modules/docker_volume.py b/plugins/modules/docker_volume.py
index 0c6238ea..41461031 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/docker_volume.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/docker_volume.py
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ volume:
 import traceback
 import typing as t
 
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_native
+from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_text
 
 from ansible_collections.community.docker.plugins.module_utils._api.errors import (
     APIError,
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ class DockerVolumeManager:
         try:
             volumes = self.client.get_json("/volumes")
         except APIError as e:
-            self.client.fail(to_native(e))
+            self.client.fail(to_text(e))
 
         if volumes["Volumes"] is None:
             return None
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ class DockerVolumeManager:
                         "/volumes/{0}", resp["Name"]
                     )
                 except APIError as e:
-                    self.client.fail(to_native(e))
+                    self.client.fail(to_text(e))
 
             self.actions.append(
                 f"Created volume {self.parameters.volume_name} with driver {self.parameters.driver}"
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ class DockerVolumeManager:
                 try:
                     self.client.delete_call("/volumes/{0}", self.parameters.volume_name)
                 except APIError as e:
-                    self.client.fail(to_native(e))
+                    self.client.fail(to_text(e))
 
             self.actions.append(f"Removed volume {self.parameters.volume_name}")
             self.results["changed"] = True